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DHIRAJ KUMAR SAIKIA built the About the Earth app as a Free app. This SERVICE is provided by DHIRAJ KUMAR SAIKIA at no cost and is intended for use as is.

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MAJOR IMPACTS

                                                  MAJOR IMPACTS

Impacts Flood is a natural disaster and as we know natural disasters have many bad impacts on lives rather than good impacts. But due to our educational purposes, we will try to deeply cover both in Assam’s perspective.
Bad Impacts: –

1.  Flood creates huge destructions in life and property. No matter is it a human, animal or just any other non-living object; it destroys everything. A report shown in 2012, Assam alone loses more than 500 crore rupees each year due to this problem. In 2016 nearly 2 million people affected and 28 people died from it.

2.  Flood’s 2 bad impact is landslide or soil erosion. Heavy flooding creates high soil erosion in districts like Majuli, Sivasagar, Jorhat, Dhemaji, and Lakhimpur. As we have learned on the above that once Majuli was the largest river island in the world but due to high soil erosion it lost its old prestigious identity. 

3.  Assam is a backward state, though it is still trying hard to grow itself; but these natural disasters not letting it grow itself more. Each year this north-eastern state needs to do more hard-work to recover its economy again and again, which it loses due to flood. It affected badly on the economic condition of this state. 

4.  Flood has two different scenes; one is during the flood and another is after the flood. When flood affects an area the people living there faces a lot of problems, 

Good Impact: –

It makes the land of Brahmaputra valley more fertile, which helps the cultivators to gain more agricultural crops. Therefore this state is highly productive in rice, sugarcane, mustard, and many more crops.

Floods contribute to the health of ecologically important wetland areas. Healthy wetlands promote healthy water supplies and even affect air quality. Floods inundate wetlands with fresh waste. They also carry and deposit nutrient-rich sediments that support both plant and animal life in wetlands. In addition, flooding adds nutrients to lakes and streams that help support healthy fisheries.

Returning Nutrients to Soil

Floods distribute and deposit river sediments over large areas of land. These river sediments replenish nutrients in topsoil and make agricultural lands more fertile. The populations of many ancient civilizations concentrated along the floodplains of rivers such as the Nile, the Tigris and the Yellow because periodic flooding resulted in fertile, productive farmland. The construction of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt prevented the Nile from flooding major population centers downriver, but it also depleted once fertile agricultural lands along the banks of the river.

Recharge and Replenish Ground Water

Many population centers depend upon ground water and underground aquifers for fresh water. Flood waters absorb into the ground and percolate down through the rock to recharge these underground aquifers, which supply natural springs, wells, rivers and lakes with fresh water.

COUSE OF FLOOD IN ASSAM

COUSE OF FLOOD IN ASSAM

Here we will try to cover the artificial and natural causes of it. So first let’s try to catch the main artificial flood causes: –1. The wrong way to build houses: – The very first artificial cause is an improper way to build houses or buildings. Here, the best example is Guwahati. Have you ever visit Guwahati? If you visited ever then you may notice that the way of building houses or apartments is not so scientific in there. In that case rainy season, water can’t flow out from the living areas, especially from roads and drains. It blocked around the people’s houses and at the result, it creates an artificial flood. On the other hand, we have noticed that the city corporation authority is also not too much responsible minded for clearing drains time to time for better water circulation or making strict restrictions on building improper houses. This thing does not only work in case of Guwahati but most areas in Assam have the same problem. Before a few days ago I went to Guwahati for my UPSC exam. After completing my exam I went back to my home. Suddenly, the rain started there, I was shocked by what I had seen there.Within a few minutes {around 10 to 15} of rain, the roads of Guwahati filled by water and water. Recently a study shows that 80 percent of Guwahati roads have no drains that water can easily circulate. In that case, an artificial flood is not just a big deal there or we can consider it very common.

2. Deforestation: – We think that deforestation is only about cutting trees and destroying the forests or jungles completely. But is it the end of the definition of ‘Deforestation’? Maybe not! Because it also creates other problems too; two of them are ‘Flood’ and ‘Global warming’. But how? Here is how – Tress always keeps hold of the soil of a place and not let it be erased but when trees are removed from that particular land then it becomes quite difficult to keep that soil hold of. No matter how much do we human try with different methods but we can’t compete with nature. In that case, when it rains; the land starts to slide away and it makes the rivers, ponds, and water drain shallower. And finally, the resulting flood…flood…..flood. Deforestation is also another significant cause of flood in Assam. Due to less importance giving by government departments and soil-wood mafia’s Incitement forests are destroying every day and it making the chest of mighty Brahmaputra, Barak and their tributary rivers shallower. 
Over half of the tropical forests worldwide have been destroyed since the 1960s, and every second, more than one hectare of tropical forests is destroyed or drastically degraded. This intense and devastating pressure on forests is not limited to the tropics – an estimated 3.7 million hectares of Europe’s forests are damaged by livestock, insects, diseases, forest fires, and other human-linked activities.
The world’s forests absorb 2.4 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year, one-third of the annual CO2 released from burning fossil fuels. Forest destruction emits further carbon into the atmosphere, with 4.3–5.5 GtCO2eq/yr generated annually, largely from deforestation and forest degradation. Protecting and restoring this vast carbon sink is essential for mitigating climate change. Forests also play a crucial role in climate change adaptation efforts. They act as a food safety net during climate shocks, reduce risks from disasters like coastal flooding, and help regulate water flows and microclimates. Improving the health of these forest ecosystems and introducing sustainable management practices increase the resilience of human and natural systems to the impacts of climate change.
Nature-based solutions such as forest landscape restoration (FLR) can help countries reverse the effects of deforestation and degradation and regain the ecological, social, climatic and economic benefits of forests. FLR brings people together to identify and implement the most appropriate restoration interventions in a landscape. It seeks to accommodate the needs of all land users and multiple land uses. FLR is not just about planting trees – it can include multiple activities like agroforestry, erosion control and natural forest regeneration. FLR also addresses the underlying drivers of forest loss. For example, it provides farming communities living in and around forests with knowledge on sustainable agricultural methods that do not rely on destroying forests. Countries and other land owners are committing to FLR through the Bonn Challenge – a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of degraded and deforested land by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030, launched by IUCN and Germany in 2011. The Bonn Challenge has so far generated pledges from governments and organisations to restore over 156 million hectares. 

Now, let’s try to move further for its natural causes: – 1. Land sliding: – 
This is absolutely true that human itself a big cause of land sliding but we can’t blame human as only the cause, because of nature equally responsible for it too. Here is the deal – Each year due to heavy natural land sliding Assam loses hundreds of km its land areas. Example: – Majuli. Did you know before the 19 century Majuli was the largest river island in this planet but due to high soil erosion, it lost its old identity? This is quite threatening but probably someday Majuli will completely be extinct in the heart of the mighty Brahmaputra river. On the other hand, this soil erosion makes rivers shallower, which later helps in creating a heavy flood.
2. High Rainfall:– The 2 very natural cause is high rainfall. Due to the presence in tropical climate each year there are 1927 mm rain falls in Assam. This is really too much for any land to suffer from flood problem, especially where land area is quite less than water areas. On the other hand, Assam state presence is in the plain area, not whole hilly. That is why water can’t easily flow out from it. In that case, I consider this is the 2 major natural cause of it that we can’t ignore.
3. The number of rivers: – We know that Assam has three main rivers systems, here one is the Brahmaputra and another is Barak and the third one is Manas. But these three giants’ river base has many other different tributary rivers. Here the mighty Brahmaputra has alone 13. According to an estimate, there are totally more than 50 tributary rivers in Assam (Including of the Brahmaputra, Barak, and Manas). In this case, when it heavily rains in the land the rivers easily started to overflow from the boundary and it creates a flood. However, Barak and Manas do not create a lot of problems but the Brahmaputra River is highly responsible for it. 

A SHORT INTRODUCTION

A SHORT INTRODUCTION

The flood situation in Assam is turning grimmer by the day. Over 26 lakh people across 28 of the state's 33 districts have been affected so far, and 17,000 forced to take refuge in 327 relief camps. As many as 3,000 villages have gone underwater as the water level in 11 rivers of the state - including the Brahmaputra - has breached the danger level.

Flood in Assam is a deep headache for its people and also for the government of this state. We know that today you are taking a bit interested to know about this matter. So here we are at your service. Ok, now first let’s try to learn a short introduction of it. Assam is a land of two different mighty rivers. One is the Brahmaputra and another is Barak. Each year the mighty Brahmaputra and it’s tributary rivers cause a flood in vast areas of the valley.

This vast creation of these rivers causes flood and makes huge destruction in people’s life, property, livestock and in many more things. More than 15 districts including upper and lower Assam faces this problem each and every year. They are especially Sivasagar, Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Golaghat, Jorhat, Nagaon, Chirang, and Barpeta, etc. As we know, no results can come out without an action; if we take flood in Assam as a result then it must possible that it has a lot of causes too. Assam’s flood has also its natural and artificial causes. Therefore exploring these all causes and solutions we have prepared this post for you. So now let’s take a look at its natural and artificial causes.The 2016 Assam floods were caused by large rains over the Indian state of Assam in July 2016. ... The rainfall resulted in floodingof various rivers and on 5 July the Brahmaputra River had crossed its danger mark level in the seven districts of Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Nagaon, Jorhat, Golaghat, Morigaon and Biswanath. 

The state of Assam has witnessed frequent flooding, almost on an annual basis. The floods in this State are attributed to the Brahmaputra that passes through state. Its tributaries also contribute to the constant flooding in the state. The region experiences constant rainfall, year in year out. The rainfall contributes a lot to the flooding. The state is located in a plain and this does not help matters much. When it rains in the upper region, the lower plains experience the fury of the river. Being a plain, the water will just fill up the low lands, displacing people and destroying crops during the rainy season. To control the flooding, the authorities can build dykes on either sides of the channel to restrict the overflow of water. Without such measures, the flooding will continue to wreak havoc and destruction. The recurrent destruction can be stopped only if measures are taken to save people and property.